"President Chadli's open support for rai [music] brought further fuel to to already simmering antagonisms in Algeria, religious puritanism and Berber ethnicity. The Berbers had launched a major protest against the exclusion of their culture and language from Algerian society in 1980 - the Tizi-Ouzou Spring, born of a banned poetry conference and including overt use of folk songs closely linked to rai. Chadli repressed the uprising harshly and in 1985 jailed two of the best known Berber singers for three years."
This paper was delivered before the Australasian Middle East Studies Association conference at Macquarie University, Sydney on September 22, 1995.
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